Last modified: 2005-04-09 by ivan sache
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![[Flag of Turkey]](../images/t/tr.gif)
by Željko Heimer
Flag in use since 1844 and officially
adopted 5 June 1936, coat of arms adopted in 1927.
Proportion: 2:3.
Description: Red flag with a white crescent and star.
Use: on land,national, civil and war flag, on
sea, national, civil and war ensign, and naval jack.
Colour approximate specifications (as given in Album des Pavillons [pay00]):
Risk of confusion with: Tunisia.
On this page:
See also:
Meaning of flags is a difficult topic, especially when flags are very ancient. There is usually sparse historical evidence and a lot of legends. Moreover, individuals may have their own interpretation of their national flag. Concerning Turkey, I found the following in the authoritative books of W. Smith ([smi75c] & [smi80]):
Historical facts:
Red has been prominent in Turkish flags for 700 years. The star and crescent are Muslim symbols, but also have a long pre-Islamic past in Asia Minor. The basic form of the national flag was apparently established in 1793 under Sultan Selim III, when the green flags used by the navy were changed to red and a white crescent and multipointed star were added. The five-pointed star dates from approximately 1844. Except for the issuance of design specifications, no change was made when the Ottoman Empire became the Republic of Turkey and the Caliphate (religious authority) was terminated. Many traditions explain the star and crescent symbol. It is known that Diana was the patron goddess of Byzantium and that her symbol was a moon. In 330, the Emperor Constantine rededicated the city - which he called Constantinople - to the Virgin Mary, whose star symbol was superimposed over the crescent. In 1453 Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Turks and renamed Istanbul, but its new rulers may have adopted the existing emblem for their own use.
Legends:
A reflection of the moon occulting a star, appearing in pools of blood after the battle of Kosovo in 1448*, led to the adoption of the Turkish flag by Sultan Murad II according to one legend. Others refer to a dream of the first Ottoman Emperor in which a crescent and s