Last modified: 2005-01-22 by ivan sache
Keywords: karahan | gazneli | seljuk | harzemshah | crescent (grey) | peacock | bow (black) | arrow (black) |
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The 16 Great Turkish Empires are listed on several Turkish sources, such as the websites of the Research Centre for Turkestan and Azerbaijan and the Australian-Turkish Media Group. All sources give an identical presentation of the Empires, which probably comes from some official document. In the following paragraphs, this description is given as the "official description".
To the best of our knowledge, the historical existence of most of these flags is not proven and we are not aware of their origin and designer. They are therefore considered as "attributed flags".
Ivan Sache, 27 November 2003
![[THe Karahan]](../images/t/tr!karah.gif)
by Ivan Sache
"Official description":
Founded by Saltuk Bugra Khan, covering the Trans-Oxus area including Issyk and Balkash lakes.
This was an Empire north of the Ghaznevid Empire, founded by a family of Karluk Turkish descent, which ruled in the X-XIIth centuries, with capitals in Bukhara and Kashgar (Balasaghun).
The flag attributed to the Karahan is yellow-orange with an unindentified white device.
Ivan Sache & Jarig Bakker, 4 July 2004
![[The Gazneli]](../images/t/tr!gazne.gif)
by Ivan Sache
"Official description":
Founded by Alptekin, covering the area from the Trans-Oxus to the Ganges River, from the shores of the Caspian Sea to the steppes of the Pamir (total area 4,700,000 sq. km).
The Empire of the Ghaznavids, founded by Mahmud of Ghazni (ruled 998-1030), had its center in Ghazni, Afghanistan.
The flag attributed to the Gazneli is green with a grey crescent in canton and a peacock.
Ivan Sache & Jarig Bakker, 4 July 2004
![[The Great Seljuk Empire]](../images/t/tr!selcu.gif)
by Ivan Sache
"Official description":
Founded by Selçuk Khan, bordering Balkash and Issyk