House Flags of U.S. Shipping Companies: W

Wait & Pierce

Wait & Pierce, Salem
One of the sailing lines operating out of Salem, Massachusetts, in the early 19th century. I don't know anything more about it, but the flag was distinctive: burgee-shaped with a deep swallowtail, the hoist yellow as far as the fork with the blue letters WP, the upper tail red and the lower tail blue.
Source: painting at www.pem.org/archive/

Joe McMillan, 30 November 2001

Ward Line

  image by Joe McMillan

Ward Line (New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Co), New York (1856-1959)
The Ward Line was formed by James E. Ward of New York in 1856 as a scheduled cargo and passenger service using sailing vessels. When the line began shifting to steam after the Civil War, it officially became the New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Company, but was always known as the Ward Line.  After Ward's death in 1894, his successors carried on until 1907, when they decided to sell the company to Charles W. Morse's Consolidated Steamship Company. Consolidated collapsed a year later, and Ward Line passed to the Atlantic, Gulf & West Indies Lines, within which it operated under its own name. The line's reputation went downhill and was severely tarnished by the shipwreck of the cargo-passenger ship Morro Castle in 1934, the worst ocean disaster ever to occur to a U.S.-flag merchant vessel. The Ward Line briefly regained its independence after World War II. When AGWI went into liquidation in 1954, a group of outside investors bought the Ward Line subsidiary. However, the new owners did not want to accept the conditions imposed by the U.S. Maritime Administration for the receipt of government subsidies, so they began shifting the Ward Line away from the U.S. flag. In addition, as they diversified the company's businesses, forming Ward Industries as a holding company, they paid less and less attention to shipping, and in 1956 sold the name and assets to the Cuban company Cia Naviera García, which renamed itself Ward-García. Ward-García kept the name alive until 1959, but the combination of declining demand and the Cuban Revolution soon put it out of business. The Ward Line flag was always a white swallowtail with a black W inside a black ring.
Sources: Lloyds 1912, Wedge (1926), National Geographic (1934), Talbot-Booth (1937), US Navy's 1961 H.O.

Joe McMillan, 1 December 2001

Ward changed their house flag after the Morro Castle (1930) disaster in 1934, and adopted at least 2 more under AGWI until they were liquidated in 1953.

Michael Alderson, 6 May 2003

image by Ivan Sache

Ward Line. Talbot-Booth (1936) mentions that the original Ward flag was done away with although he does not give it happening until 1939 and does not specify it being replaced. Up until 1938 he showed the flag given by Joe but with his announcement of the change in his 1942 Merchant Ships he shows a tapered version but it is not clear whether this is meant to be a replacement In fact Brown 1929 and 1934 and the National Geographic (1934) all show such a version anyway. More to the point in view of Michael's comments is that Talbot-Booth shows a second flag of a blue tapered swallowtail with a white star within a white ring [see above] under the name of the Cuba Mail Line.

Neale Rosanoski, 27 April 2005

image by Ivan Sache

For post WW2 Brown 1951 (Wedge (1951)) under New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Co. shows blue with a broad white horizontal band bearing a red star which happens to be that used by Clyde-Mallory Lines, an AGWI associate

Neale Rosanoski, 27 April 2005

Thomas Wardle & Co.

  image by Joe McMillan

Thomas Wardle & Co., New York (mid-19th century)
No information on this company. The flag was a blue burgee-shaped pennant with a white disk.
Source:  chart of "Private Signals of the Merchants of New York"

Joe McMillan, 1 December 2001

Thomas Wardle. The Mystic Seaport Foundation dates him 1840 on the East Indies and California service also showing the same design, but as a normal rectangular flag, as an alternative.

Neale Rosanoski, 27 April 2005

Warren Petroleum Co.

  image by Joe McMillan

Warren Petroleum Co., Houston (1922-present?)
Warren Petroleum was established by William K. Warren in Oklahoma in 1922. It became a subsidiary of Gulf Oil in 1956 and seems to still be in operation as a division of Chevron, which merged with Gulf in 1984. I do not believe it still operates ships, however, as it seems to be mainly in the natural gas distribution business in the Midwest and Southwestern U.S. The house flag was green with a white W circumscribed by a white ring.
Source: US Navy's 1961 H.O.

Joe McMillan, 1 December 2001

Waterman Steamship Corporation

  image by Joe McMillan

Waterman Steamship Corporation (Mobile, later New York, now New Orleans)(1919-present)
Until the 1970s, Waterman was exclusively in the business of providing ocean transportation between the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean. Since then it has diversified its services. It was founded by John Waterman as the Mobile, Miami & Gulf Steamship Company, with the motive of building up the port of Mobile, which had long been overshadowed by New Orleans. Waterman got his start managing war surplus ships that belonged to the U.S. Shipping Board. Because of good management and effective lobbying in Washington, it flourished despite vicious competition from Lykes Brothers. After World War II, Waterman became the third largest fleet under the U.S. flag, with 55 ships in service in 1949. Malcolm McLean bought the company in 1955 and put it into danger of bankruptcy by drawing on its assets to fund other shipping ventures, but it was rescued by new buyers in 1965, survived reorganization under bankruptcy court protection. It now focuses on servcie from the U.S. east coast to the Middle East and South and Southeast Asia. The flag as shown on the company website is a slightly tapered blue swallowtail, with a black W on a white lozenge. Other sources show the same design on a rectangular field, and Talbot-Booth (1937) shows a red field.
Sources: Stewart (1953), US Navy's 1961 H.O.; www.waterman.com

Joe McMillan, 1 December 2001

Waterman Steamship Corporation. Talbot-Booth noted the change from red to blue for the flag field in his 1938 "Ships & The Sea".

Neale Rosanoski, 27 April 2005

Webb & Knapp

 image by Joe McMillan

Webb & Knapp, New York
Webb and Knapp is a New York real estate development and architectural firm, and I have no idea why they would have had a shipping fleet, but this flag--white with a wide blue horizontal stripe bearing a white diamond with a red P--shows up in the U.S. Navy's 1961 house flags book. The initial "P" suggests that this may have been a successor to some other line that W&K bought for diversification purposes, but I really have no idea.
Source: US Navy's 1961 H.O.

Joe McMillan, 1 December 2001

Webb & Knapp Inc. The obvious answer would seem to be Penn Shipping Co. Inc. who existed from the latter 1950s to c.1980 as it is unlikely that there would be two New York companies at the same time using identical livery. The only shipping connection that I can trace for Webb & Knapp Inc. is that they held hull insurance and assume that the shipping interest was an offshoot to the main property development in which Webb and Knapp were a major player under the control of William Zeckendorf.

Neale Rosanoski, 27 April 2005

Benjamin Webster

  image by Joe McMillan

Benjamin Webster, Portland, Maine
No information on this company. Flag was a blue trapezoid with a white star in the hoist.
Source: Flaggenbuch 1905

Joe McMillan, 2 December 2001

West Coast Line

  image by Joe McMillan

West Coast Line, New York
No information on this line, either. The flag was red with a white H, clearly shown as shadowed in black in Wedge (1951). I don't know what the H might have stood for.
Source: Wedge (1951)

Joe McMillan, 2 December 2001

Wells & Emanuel / Empire Line

by Ivan Sache

Wells & Emanuel is apparently a New York company as reported by  Mystic Seaport.org. The flag is a red swallowtail with a blue cross throughout, in the cross’s centre a white disk bearing the black initials ‘WE’ (may we suppose the letters were readable on the reverse?).  This flag is among the “Private Signals of the Merchants of New York” (clickable chart - the seventh one on row four).

The same image is on the card (“burgee”): at http://www.mysticseaport.org/library/initiative/SignalImage.cfm?PageNum=2&BibID=36294&ChapterNo=14 (14.2.1 - first flag on this page) described as: ‘Wells & Emmanuel (sic), New York (1850) Empire Line’, refs. given are 5, 18, 35, 66, and 76
(see further).

Two different versions are shown on this page (“swallowtail”): http://www.mysticseaport.org/library/initiative/SignalImage.cfm?BibID=36294&ChapterNo=27
- the first one (first flag on this page) has tapering edges and does not show the initials: 27.1.1; ‘Empire Line’ is not mentioned; refs. given are 2, 14, and 52
- the second one, third on the same row and bearing no. 27.1.11, has the initials; refs. given are 54 and 62 (now ‘Empire Line’ is added but I do not suppose that the name has any influence on the presence or absence of initials). 

The references given are:
2. "House Flags of New York, 1800's". Booklet, Seaman's Savings Bank, NY; 1944
5. House flags described in "The Clipper Ship Era" by Capt. Arthur H. Clark
14. House flags of New York, 1800's poster in the "The Clipper Ships"
18. House flags on sailing ship cards, etc. Peabody Essex Museum, Salem
35. House flag data from New Bedford Whaling Museum, Pennsylvania paintings, etc
52. "Shipping House Flags" by Capt. H. Percy Ashley
54. House flags books unpublished, Penobscot Marine Museum, Searsport, Maine
62. "The Shipbuilders of Essex" by Dana A. Story, published 1995 by Ten Pound Island Book Co., Gloucester
66. Private signals of the merchant(s) of New York and San Francisco, South Street Seaport Museum
76. House flags from Mystic Seaport Library (Part 1 of 2 - part 2 is in Mystic).

All I can add now is a reference from Mystic Library Manuscript Collection 4 “Records of the Ship HOUND”: http://www.mysticseaport.org/library/manuscripts/coll/coll004/coll004.html:

“The clipper ship HOUND was built at Mystic, Connecticut, by Charles Mallory, in 1853. She was owned during this period by Charles Mallory, Charles H. Mallory, David D. Mallory,and George W. Mallory. The HOUND sailed for the Empire Line and was managed by Wells & Emanuel, of New York.”
Jan Mertens, 25 August 2005

West Coast Steamship Co.

 image by Joe McMillan

West Coast Steamship Co., Portland, Oregon
An earlier line by this name was apparently bought out by Pacific Coast Steamship, which later became part of the Admiral Line in the early 1900s.  This is obviously a different company given the source, but I have found nothing about it. The flag was blue with a large white disk bearing a red W.
Source: US Navy's 1961 H.O.

Joe McMillan, 2 December 2001

image by Ivan Sache

West Coast Steamship Co. Appears to have originally been West Coast Trans-Oceanic Steamship Line which would explain the flag shown by Brown 1958 where the red letters "T/O" are used instead of the "W". Apparently operated post WW2 until the early 1960s.

Neale Rosanoski, 27 April 2005

Western Transportation Co.